有机农业与性别平等

The global food-insecure population reached 821 million in 2018. Rural women smallholder farmers are amongst the worst affected by hunger and are far from realizing their Human Right to Food.

2018年，全球面临粮食安全威胁的人口达到8.21亿。农村女性小农户是受饥饿影响最严重的群体之一，远远没有实现她们获取食物的权力。

Most women farmers are smallholders who cultivate traditional food crops for subsistence and sale, whereas men are more likely to own medium to large commercial farms and are better able to capitalize on the expansion of agricultural tradable goods.

大多数女性农民都是小农，她们种植传统粮食作物用于生存和销售，而男性更有可能拥有大中型商业农场，也更有能力利用资本来扩张可交易的农产品。

According to the World Bank, if women had the same access to productive resources as men, they could increase yields on their farms by 20–30 percent, raising total agricultural output in developing countries by 2.5–4 percent, and in turn reducing the number of hungry people in the world by 12–17 percent. Women spend a much larger part of their household income - proportionately than men - on buying additional food for the family.

根据世界银行的数据，如果女性能够像男性一样获得生产资源，她们可以将农场产量提高20%-30%，将发展中国家的农业总产量提高2.5%-4%，从而将世界饥饿人口数量减少12%-17%。按比例来说，女性比男性花费更多的家庭收入来为家庭购买额外的食物。

女性农民面临的挑战

In many parts of the world, rural women account for nearly half of the agricultural workforce and they commonly face discrimination at both societal levels and within their own households, which has profound effects on their Right to Food.

在世界许多地方，农村妇女占农业劳动力的近一半。在社会层面和家庭内部她们经常面临歧视，这对她们的食物权有着深远的影响。

Women farmers play a fundamental role in ensuring food security particularly in rural societies but lack of training, impaired access to resources, and exclusion from decision making power often result in yields up to 30% lower than those of male farmers.  Although women are responsible for about half of the world’s food production, female nutrition indicators, across all age groups, are worse than those of their male counterparts.

女性农民，特别是在农村社会，在确保粮食安全方面发挥着重要作用。但是由于缺乏培训、不易获得资源以及被排除在决策权之外等原因，往往导致她们的产量比男性农民低30%。虽然妇女承担了世界大约一半的粮食生产，但在所有年龄段里女性营养指标都比男性差。

As a consequence, women farmers adjust to reduced food purchasing power by shifting to cheaper, less diverse diets.

因此，女性农民通过转向更便宜、更单一的饮食来应对下降的食品购买力。

Due to the nature of their role in farming, women farmers are often more exposed to the health hazards of harmful agricultural inputs than men.

由于她们在农业中发挥的角色，女性农民往往比男性更容易受到有害农业投入品的健康危害。

有机农业可以通过以下方式支持性别平等

Ensuring that women, who have in most cultures a central role in caring for the diet of the household, can have access to healthier, diversified and nutritious food.

在大多数文化中，女性在照顾家庭饮食方面发挥核心作用。有机农业可以帮助女性获得更健康、多样化和有营养的食物。 

Providing sustainable agricultural practices that avoid the use of chemical inputs, such as pesticides, which negatively impact on women farmers’ health.

提供可持续的农业实践方式，避免使用化学投入品（例如，农药等）对女性农民健康造成的负面影响。

Promoting knowledge-intensive practices, through technical information and training, which empowers women to act autonomously and independently.

通过技术信息和培训，促进科学的农业操作方式，增强妇女自主和独立的能力。